Steel is an alloy primarily composed of iron and carbon, with additional elements to enhance its properties. It is made by refining iron ore in a blast furnace to remove impurities and adding carbon and other alloying elements. The molten steel is then cast into various shapes and sizes.

There are several types of steel, each with specific characteristics:

• Carbon Steel: Contains varying amounts of carbon, used in construction, manufacturing, and general engineering.
• Stainless Steel: Contains chromium, which provides corrosion resistance, used in medical instruments, kitchenware, and architecture.
• Alloy Steel: Contains additional alloying elements like nickel or manganese to enhance properties such as strength and toughness, used in automotive, aerospace, and machinery.
• Tool Steel: High hardness and heat resistance, used for cutting and shaping tools.

Steel is classified based on its chemical composition, physical properties, and application:

• Carbon Content: Low, medium, or high carbon.
• Alloy Content: Alloy and non-alloy steel.
• Application: Structural, tool, and stainless steel.

Carbon steel is widely used in construction (beams, structural elements), manufacturing (pipes, automotive parts), and general engineering (tools, machinery). Its versatility and cost-effectiveness make it a popular choice for various applications.

Stainless steel is favored for its corrosion resistance, strength, and aesthetic appeal. It is commonly used in environments where rust and corrosion are concerns, such as kitchen appliances, medical equipment, and architectural elements.

Alloy steel offers enhanced properties such as increased strength, toughness, and resistance to wear and fatigue. It is ideal for demanding applications in automotive, aerospace, and industrial machinery where superior performance is required.

In construction, steel is used for structural components like beams, columns, and girders due to its high strength and load-bearing capacity. It is also used in reinforced concrete, roofing, and cladding materials for its durability and versatility.